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KEMOXYL® (Amoxicillin preparations)
Preparations contains Amoxicillin, an aminopenicillin antibacterial agent with bactericidal action. It acts on growing and dividing bactera by inhibiting cellwall synthesis. It inhibits final cross linking stage of peptidoglycan production by binding to and inactivating transpeptidases and penicillin-binding proteins on the inner surface of the bacterial cell membrane in addition to causing bacterial lysis by inactivation of endogenous inhibitors of bacterial autolysins.
Amoxicillin is resistant to inactivation by the acid of the gastric secretion. On oral administrtaion Amoxicillin is rapidly absorbed and attains plasma concentration in about 1-2 hours. About 60% of the oral dose of Amoxicillin is excreted unchanged in the urine in 6 hours by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion.
Indications
Kemoxyl® preparations are indicated fo the treatment of infections caused by or associated with pathogens sensitive to Amoxicillin. It is used in the treatment of respiratory tract infections such as bronchitis, pmeumonia and tracheobronchitis, Amoxicillin preparations are also used in the treatment of bone and joint infections including lyme’s disease, biliary tract infections, actinmycosis, endocarditis, mouth infections, otitis media, spleen disorders, typhoid and paratyphoid fever, urinary tract infections including gonorrhoea and gastro-enteritis (including Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritis)
Dosage and administration
Kemoxyl® preparations are administered by the oral route. Kemoxyl® powder are reconstituted to make 100ml or 60ml.
Kemoxyl® DT tablets are recommended to be dispersed in 5-10ml of water in order to form dispersion which is administered by the oral route.
Dose
Adult: 250mg to 500mg every 8 hours, doubled in severe infections
Children up to 10 years of age: 125mg to 250 mg every 8 hours or 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls every 8 hours; doubled in severe infections. Shake the bottle well before taking each dose.
The dose of Amoxicillin may vary depending on the disease, duration and severity of infection.
| Diagnosis | Adult dose | Dose in children |
| Severe or recurrent respiratory infections | 3g every 12 hours | 2-5 years: 750mg every 12 hours 5-10 years: 1.5g every 12 hours |
| Otitis media | – | 750mg twice daily for 2 days |
| Urinary tract infections (UTI) | 3g repeated after 10-12 hours | Single dose of 50mg/kg body weight. With 25mg/kg probenecid |
| Gonorrhoea | Single dose of 2-3g with probenecid | 1 single dose of 50mg/kg with 25mg/kg probenecid |
| Dental abscesses | 1g repeated after 8 hours | – |
Precautions, warnings, contraindications and side effects:
- Kemoxyl® is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Amoxicillin or other penicillins.
- Prolonged use of the preparation may result in overgrowth of non-susceptible pathogens including fungi and in such cases appropriate medication should be instituted immediately.
- The side-effects occasionally associated with the preparations include; vomiting, diarrhea, rashes, pruritus, fever, urticaria and pseudomembraneous colitis.
- The treatment regimen which involves amoxicillin and probenecid should be avoided in children under 2 years of age since probenecid is contraindicated in such children.
