Valproate exerts its effects primarily on the central nervous system. Its anticonvulsant properties are exerted against a wide variety of epilepsies experimental animal models and humans. Its main mechanism of action seems to be related to reinforcement of the gabanergic pathways.
Ethosuximide suppresses the paroxysmal three cycle per second spike and wave activity associated with lapses of consciousness which is common in absence (petit mal) seizures. The frequency of epileptiform attacks is reduced, apparently by depression of the motor cortex and elevation of the threshold of the central nervous system to convulsive stimuli.
Divalproex sodium is a stable co-ordination compound comprised of sodium valproate and valproic acid in a 1:1 molar relationship. Divalproex sodium dissociates to the valproate ion in the gastrointestinal tract. The mechanisms by which valproate exerts its therapeutic effects have not been established.
A blackout is a temporary loss of consciousness. If someone loses consciousness for a few seconds or minutes,
A convulsion is an episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by abnormal neuronal activity that results in sudden change in behavior, sensory perception, or motor activity. For a patient with new onset convulsion the list of possible causes is longer and consists of the following:
Carbamazepine is used to prevent and control seizures. This medication is known as an anticonvulsant or anti-epileptic drug. It is also used to relieve certain types of nerve pain (such as trigeminal neuralgia)
Available as: Convulex, Epilim, Epilim Chrono, Epilim Chronosphere, Episenta (prolonged release), Epival (modified release), Sodium valproate. Anti-epileptic drugs