Extra cellular fluid (ECF) volume deficit is the most common fluid volume disorder in the surgical patient. The lost fluid is not water alone, but water and electrolytes in approximately the same proportion as they exist in normal extra cellular fluid.
Potassium is the most abundant intracellular cation. 98% of potassium is found intracellular with ¾ of the total body potassium in skeletal muscles. The average daily requirement is 1 mmol/kg.
Calcium plays a very important role in the body. It is necessary for normal functioning of nerves, cells, muscle, and bone.Normal serum level is 8.5 to 10 .5 mg/dl
Sodium is a type of metal that is very reactive. Since it’s so reactive, sodium is never found in free form in nature. Instead, sodium is always found as a salt. The most common dietary form of sodium is sodium chloride.
The total body water constitutes 50 – 85% of total body weight depending on age and lean body mass (muscle mass). In regard to this, 55% – 60% of body weight for a 70 Kg young man is water.
Edema is defined as a palpable swelling caused by an increase in interstitial fluid volume. Edema, other than localized edema, does not become clinically apparent until the interstitial volume has increased by 2.5 to 3 liters.
Sports drink consists with minerals, Sports drinks are intended to replenish electrolytes, sugar, water, and other nutrients, and are usually isotonic (containing the same proportions as found in the human body)